Final answer:
Marie Antoinette earned the nickname 'Madame Deficit' due to her excessive spending during France's financial crisis, which contrasted sharply with the widespread poverty and contributed to revolutionary attitudes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Marie Antoinette was known as Madame Deficit because of her extravagant and lavish spending habits during a time when France was facing severe economic hardships. Her opulent lifestyle, which included spending on personal luxuries and lavish court entertainments, symbolized the systemic problems of the French monarchy and contributed to the nation's growing financial crisis. The portrait Marie-Antoinette with the Rose exemplifies her luxurious image at a time when the French populace was struggling with poverty and hunger, leading to revolutionary sentiments. As the financial situation worsened, the monarchy's disconnect, including Marie Antoinette's spending, fueled the rage of the populace, eventually contributing to the French Revolution.