Final answer:
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) score is what is computed using the Access Vector, Access Complexity, and Authentication metrics. It is a framework for rating the severity of security vulnerabilities, generating scores from 0 to 10.
Step-by-step explanation:
The component being referred to in the question is the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) score. The CVSS score is a standardized framework for rating the severity of security vulnerabilities in software. It is computed by analyzing various metrics which include the Access Vector (the path through which the system can be accessed), the Access Complexity (how complex it is to exploit the vulnerability), and the Authentication (the number of times an attacker must authenticate to exploit it).
To calculate a CVSS score, these metrics alongside others, such as the impact metrics - which measure the impact of the exploit on confidentiality, integrity, and availability - are considered. Each metric is assigned a value following a CVSS calculator. Then, the values are used in a formula that generates a score ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no security impact and 10 represents the most critical vulnerability.