Final answer:
When middle-management positions are eliminated, upper-management managers absorb their duties, including human resources, administrative tasks, and oversight of lower-level employees across industries such as business, healthcare, and real estate.
Step-by-step explanation:
When middle-management positions are eliminated, the majority of those positions' duties revert to the upper-management managers. Middle managers often oversee the day-to-day operations and report to those in the upper management, who are typically tasked with setting strategy, company direction, and making decisions about resource allocation.
When middle-manager roles are cut, upper-management personnel often must absorb these responsibilities, which can include human resources matters, other administrative tasks, and sometimes direct supervision of front-line employees.
Furthermore, within the sphere of insurance, real estate, and business, tasks such as marketing and sales strategies, customer relationship management, and financial oversight, previously handled by middle managers, may fall to the upper executives.