Final answer:
The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is the correct answer, reflecting a phased approach to system analysis and design with specific user and analyst activities. This approach is structured and follows a specific cycle, contrasting with the iterative and adaptable spiral design process.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is A) systems development life cycle. The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a phased approach to analysis and design that operates on the principle of a specific cycle of analyst and user activities. This cycle includes a series of phases that start from the initial feasibility study and goes through analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance. The SDLC provides a structured approach to creating a system that meets organizational needs.
Meanwhile, the spiral design process mentioned in the additional information is a popular iterative development model that combines elements of both design and prototyping-in-stages, in an effort to combine advantages of top-down and bottom-up concepts. The spiral model's emphasis on iterative refinement through prototyping addresses the potential for design changes and improvements throughout the development process, which contrasts with the more linear and sequential phases of the SDLC.
The design process is called a sequential process because steps follow one another in a set order. The spiral design process is an iterative approach where the design undergoes continuous refinement, evaluation, and enhancement. Although the spiral model allows for a more adaptive and responsive design process, it potentially requires more time and resources due to its repetitive nature.