Final answer:
The correct formula for the carbonate ion is CO₃²⁻ (option D), which consists of one carbon atom and three oxygen atoms with a 2- charge. Its electron-pair geometry and molecular structure are trigonal planar.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct formula for the carbonate ion is D. CO₃²⁻. The carbonate ion is composed of one carbon atom bonded to three oxygen atoms and carries a charge of 2-. This ion is a common polyatomic ion found in a variety of substances, such as eggshells and antacids. In the context of chemistry, knowing the correct formulas of ions such as the carbonate ion is crucial for understanding chemical reactions and compound structures.
The electron-pair geometry of the carbonate ion is trigonal planar, and its molecular structure is also trigonal planar. Each oxygen atom is equidistant from the carbon atom in the center, forming a symmetrical structure.
This geometry and molecular structure are essential for understanding how the carbonate ion interacts in different chemical environments.