Final answer:
Early printmaking in China is distinguished from Western uses of the medium by its strong focus on calligraphy, a different approach to landscape paintings, and unique materials and techniques such as natural pigments and woodblock printing.
Step-by-step explanation:
The key distinction between early printmaking in China and Western uses of the medium primarily lies in the use of calligraphy. In Chinese art, calligraphy was a revered art form, much more than in the West, where the focus was less on textual elegance and more on pictorial representation. The Song Dynasty, in particular, held calligraphy in high esteem, and this practice influenced not only the aesthetics of the printed materials but also demonstrated social status.
Additionally, traditional Chinese printmaking placed a significant focus on landscape paintings that were often based on the work of past masters or the artist's imagination rather than direct observation of nature. This differs from Western naturalism, which sought to faithfully represent the observed world. Concepts of landscapes were deeply interwoven with poetry and calligraphy, creating a unique blend of visual art that is characteristic of Chinese tradition.
Finally, the materials and techniques employed by Chinese artists, such as woodblock printing, the use of natural pigments for color, and the emphasis on creating multiple prints from a single block, also set Chinese printmaking apart from Western practices. The woodblock printing process in East Asia evolved into a collaborative effort with various artisans performing specialized roles, which contrasts with the more individualistic approach seen in the West.