Final answer:
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration, without the need for energy, eventually leading to equilibrium.
Step-by-step explanation:
The transport mechanism when particles move from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration is called diffusion. This movement is part of passive transport, meaning no energy is required because the molecules are moving along their concentration gradient.
During the process of osmosis, a special case of diffusion, water moves across a semi-permeable membrane from an area with a lower concentration of solutes to one with a higher solute concentration. This is crucial in biological systems as it helps to regulate cell volume and the distribution of nutrients and waste products.