Question

Policy implementation is sometimes a matter of trial and error and may fail for any of the

following reasons EXCEPT:
a. administrators may make poor judgments.
b. bureaus often are short-staffed or lack resources.
c. miscommunication among departments that share responsibility for a program.
d. agencies avoid establishing standard operating procedures.
e. legislation may not clearly convey Congress's policy goals.

Answer 1

Policy implementation might not succeed due to various factors, yet the establishment of standard operating procedures is a typical practice to ensure uniformity, and not a reason for failure.

Step-by-step explanation:

Policy implementation can fail for numerous reasons, but it does not fail because agencies avoid establishing standard operating procedures. In fact, bureaucratic agencies typically create these procedures to maintain consistency and order in the implementation process. On the contrary, policy implementation might fail due to a variety of other issues such as administrators making poor judgments, bureaus being short-staffed or lacking resources, miscommunication among departments, or unclear legislation that doesn't convey Congress's policy goals effectively.