Final answer:
The most devastating effects of racism during colonial times encompassed widespread violence, poverty, and inequality, all of which were interconnected and reinforced by systemic and institutionalized practices.
Step-by-step explanation:
One of the most devastating effects of racism during colonial times was all of the above: widespread violence, poverty, and inequality. These effects were pervasive and interconnected, as colonial racism entrenched social divisions and justified exploitative labor practices. Violence often occurred when racial hierarchies were enforced or challenged. Poverty was exacerbated by policies and practices that limited access to resources and opportunities for colonized peoples and those of particular racial or ethnic groups. Finally, inequality was institutionalized through laws and social norms that created and maintained racial stratifications, as seen in extensive systems like apartheid in South Africa and the socioeconomic impacts of colonialism.
Racism during colonial times created a legacy of economic and social disparities that have persisted long after the end of formal colonization, highlighting the need for understanding and addressing the past injustices to move towards a more equitable world.