Final answer:
The correct answer is option a. People with the inherited metabolic condition homocystinuria have high levels of homocysteine in their blood, which can lead to cardiovascular diseases and other complications due to pro-atherogenic changes in gene expression and accumulation of harmful metabolites.
Step-by-step explanation:
Individuals with an inherited disorder known as homocystinuria often have elevated levels of the amino acid homocysteine in the blood, which can lead to severe cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Homocystinuria is a metabolic condition where the body cannot properly process certain amino acids, leading to a buildup of homocysteine. This accumulation has been linked to pro-atherogenic changes in gene expression, which can damage the cardiovascular system. Moreover, homocysteine and related metabolites, such as homocysteine thiolactone, are implicated in not only cardiovascular diseases but also neurodegenerative diseases.
Further complications associated with genetically inherited amino acid metabolic disorders, such as osteoporosis, dislocated lenses. The management of these conditions often involves addressing the enzyme cofactors involved in homocysteine metabolism, such as folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6, to help reduce homocysteine levels and mitigate the risks associated with its elevation.