Final answer:
Vitamin C enhances the absorption of non-heme iron by reducing it to a more soluble form, forming a complex that increases its uptake in the small intestine, and is particularly important for individuals at risk of iron deficiency.
Step-by-step explanation:
Vitamin C plays a critical role in the absorption of non-heme iron, which is the form of iron found in plant-based foods. This type of iron is not as easily absorbed by the body compared to heme iron found in animal products. Vitamin C enhances iron absorption by reducing ferric iron (Fe³⁺) to ferrous iron (Fe²⁺), which is a more soluble form that can be taken up by intestinal cells. Additionally, vitamin C can form a complex with non-heme iron that increases its solubility and uptake. Adequate levels of vitamin C consumption are necessary to maximize the absorption of iron from the small intestine and support optimal iron status, especially for individuals who are at risk of iron deficiency such as women with significant menstrual bleeding who require more iron transport proteins for absorption.