Final answer:
The correct formula for magnesium hydroxide is Mg(OH)₂, a neutral compound used in antacids and laxatives. It has low solubility in water and can react with acids to form salts like magnesium chloride.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct formula for magnesium hydroxide is Mg(OH)₂. This compound is comprised of one magnesium ion (Mg²⁺) and two hydroxide ions (OH⁻), indicating that magnesium has a +2 charge while each hydroxide ion has a -1 charge. The formula Mg(OH)₂ reflects that there are two hydroxide ions for every magnesium ion to balance the charges, resulting in a neutral compound.
Magnesium hydroxide is a common ingredient found in products like antacids and laxatives. Its low solubility in water (0.0084 g per liter at 25°C) makes it less dangerous compared to sodium hydroxide. Furthermore, in reactions, magnesium hydroxide can dissociate into magnesium and hydroxide ions or combine with acids to form a corresponding salt and water, such as in the reaction with HCl to produce magnesium chloride and water.