Question

Select the feature that characterizes the endocrine system

a. Beta cells release insulin, which stimulates glycogen formation in the liver.
-Beta cells of the pancreas release insulin, which stimulates glucose storage as glycogen in the liver. Alpha cells of the pancreas release glucagon, which stimulates glycogen breakdown. Acinar cells are exocrine cells of the pancreas that produce digestive enzymes.

b. Insulin, a water-soluble hormone, binds to a receptor in the plasma membrane of the target cell.
-Water-soluble hormones, such as insulin, act on receptors in the plasma membrane. Typically, hormone binding activates G proteins and intracellular second-messenger systems.

c. stimulates any cell in the body that has the appropriate hormone receptor
-The endocrine system has widespread effects, with circulating hormones stimulating any cell in the body that has the appropriate hormone receptor. In contrast, the nervous system acts at specific locations determined by fixed axon pathways.

d. atrial natriuretic peptide
-The upper chambers of the heart, called atria, produce atrial natriuretic peptide in response to rising blood pressure. The excretion of sodium by the kidneys, called natriuresis, lowers blood volume and blood pressure.

Answer 1

The endocrine system is characterized by the release of insulin by beta cells in the pancreas, the binding of water-soluble hormones to receptors in the plasma membrane, and the widespread effects of circulating hormones on cells throughout the body.

Step-by-step explanation:

The endocrine system features:

- Beta cells of the pancreas release insulin, which stimulates glucose storage as glycogen in the liver. Insulin promotes the absorption of glucose from the blood into cells, where it is converted into glycogen.
- Water-soluble hormones, such as insulin, act on receptors in the plasma membrane. Insulin binds to a receptor in the plasma membrane of a target cell, activating intracellular second-messenger systems.
- The endocrine system has widespread effects, with circulating hormones stimulating any cell in the body that has the appropriate hormone receptor. Hormones from the endocrine system can exert their effects on various cells throughout the body.