Final answer:
Transnational threats such as terrorism, transnational organized crime, and environmental issues like climate change are among emerging issues that affect nations globally, requiring collaborative international responses.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the emerging transnational threats affecting global peace and security are terrorism, transnational organized crime (TOC) syndicates, and the environmental impacts of climate change. Terrorism, particularly from non-state actors that use violence beyond traditional battlefields, poses a complex challenge for states to address. Intelligence-gathering and targeted military interventions are often more crucial than traditional diplomacy in combating these threats. TOC syndicates engage in activities such as financial crimes, cybercrimes, and human trafficking, and their operations often exploit weak states with limited law enforcement capability. Environmental issues such as global warming and biological invasions by non-native species also represent significant transnational threats, affecting biodiversity, economies, and national security.
These transnational issues underline the necessity for a coordinated international response due to their border-transcending nature and their complex web of causes and effects that no single nation can resolve independently.