Final answer:
Friction loss for each fitting in a hose layout, referred to as 'smokey packs', is determined by equivalent lengths of hose that the fittings represent and depend on the type of fitting. This can be calculated using manufacturer specifications or friction loss charts.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept of "smokey packs" could refer to a firefighting context where hose layouts are described using this term. When considering friction loss in firefighting hoses, the amount of loss added per fitting can vary. Generally, each elbow, valve, or other fitting in a hose layout is equated to a specific length of hose because these fittings add additional friction to the flow of water.
For example, a 90-degree elbow might be equated to an additional 5 feet of hose in terms of friction loss. This is a rough estimate, and actual friction loss can be determined by consulting manufacturer specifications or guidelines such as the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards. Calculations for friction loss also take into account factors such as water flow rate (gallons per minute), hose diameter, and hose length.
Step-by-Step Calculation:
Identify the type of fitting (e.g., elbow, valve, tee).
Consult a friction loss chart or manufacturer data to find the equivalent length of hose that the fitting represents.
Use the hose friction loss formula or a friction loss calculator to factor in the equivalent length for each fitting on top of the actual hose length.
Add the fitting friction losses to the total friction loss in the hose layout to get the overall friction loss.