Final answer:
The Specificity Principle states that our bodies adapt to aerobic and anaerobic exercise in specific ways.
Step-by-step explanation:
The principle that states our bodies will physiologically adapt according to whether we are training aerobically or anaerobically is the Specificity Principle. When we engage in aerobic exercise, such as running or swimming, our bodies adapt by improving our cardiovascular endurance and increasing the efficiency of our aerobic energy-generating process. On the other hand, when we engage in anaerobic exercise, like sprinting or weightlifting, our bodies adapt by building muscle strength and power.