Final answer:
Shigellosis, also known as bacillary dysentery, is caused by species in the genus Shigella, including S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei, and is transmitted primarily through the fecal-oral route.
Step-by-step explanation:
The bacterial species associated with Shigellosis are in the genus Shigella. This illness is known as bacillary dysentery and is caused by four species that can colonize the gastrointestinal (GI) tract: S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei. Transmission is commonly through the fecal-oral route, and the disease can also spread by hand to mouth contact or through contaminated food and water. Symptoms of shigellosis include gastrointestinal distress and can be severe, warranting medical attention, although antibiotics are not always recommended for treatment.