Final answer:
To identify the genetic characteristics of an adult, DNA testing through a blood draw can ascertain carrier status for genetic diseases, and karyotyping can detect chromosomal abnormalities. Genetic counselors provide support and information about the testing process. PCR techniques play a role in identifying gene defects related to heritable diseases.
Step-by-step explanation:
To identify the genetic characteristics of an adult, a DNA test is typically used. This test can determine a person's carrier status for genetic diseases such as Fragile X syndrome and cystic fibrosis through a simple blood draw. Moreover, karyotyping is a cytological technique that allows geneticists to detect chromosomal abnormalities from a cell sample.
For chromosomal disorders, available testing methods include a blood test, amniocentesis, and chorionic villus sampling, with varying advantages and drawbacks. A genetic counselor can provide education on the implications of these tests and offer support in coping with the results.
Moreover, genetic testing can diagnose defective genes related to inherited diseases such as breast cancer, through an analysis of DNA from blood or saliva samples, often using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) techniques. This information can be used to understand inheritance patterns and assess the risk of certain heritable genetic disorders.