Final answer:
Covalent bonds can be categorized as polar or nonpolar based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms involved. N₂ is nonpolar, HF is definitely polar, F₂ is nonpolar, NO and FCl are definitely polar. HF has a more polar bond compared to HC1, and NO generally has a more polar bond than CO.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine whether a bond is polar covalent or nonpolar covalent, one needs to consider the electronegativity difference between the atoms involved. For your list:
N₂ (nitrogen gas) consists of two nitrogen atoms with the same electronegativity, so it forms a nonpolar covalent bond.
HF (hydrogen fluoride) has a significant electronegativity difference between hydrogen and fluorine, resulting in a definitely polar covalent bond.
F₂ (fluorine gas) is similar to N₂, with two identical atoms sharing electrons equally, creating a nonpolar covalent bond.
NO (nitric oxide) has different electronegativities for nitrogen and oxygen, leading to a definitely polar covalent bond.
FCl (fluorine monochloride) also has atoms with different electronegativities, resulting in a definitely polar covalent bond.
When comparing bonds to identify the more polar bond between different pairs:
HF vs. HC1: HF has a greater electronegativity difference, making it the more polar bond.
NO vs. CO: NO typically has a slightly greater difference in electronegativity between its atoms than CO, indicating it may have the more polar bond. However, depending on the context and how CO is bonded (as in carbon monoxide or a carbonate ion), this can vary.