Final answer:
The question addresses laws that restrict freedom of expression in relation to social order, banned teachings, national sovereignty, and incitement of illegal actions, with examples from Germany and China.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to laws that limit the freedom of expression, specifically in the context of countries where distributing material that disturbs social order, preaches the teachings of banned cults, harms the sovereignty of China, or incites illegal activities is considered a crime. Such laws are in place in different countries to maintain public order and align with government policies or societal norms. For example, Germany has stringent laws against supporting the Nazi Party or denying the Holocaust to prevent hate crimes and preserve human dignity, as outlined in Section 130 of its criminal code. In China, religious practices that conflict with the country's communist goals have led to restrictions and severe consequences for specific religious groups, reflecting a tension between Internet freedom and government control. Similarly, during the Red Scare period in the United States, advocating for the overthrow of the government was criminalized to preserve national security.