Final answer:
In binary ionic compounds, the naming convention includes the metal cation followed by the nonmetal anion with its name ending in '-ide'. Transition metals' charges are indicated with Roman numerals. Molecular compounds use prefixes for the number of atoms, and acids have unique naming rules.
Step-by-step explanation:
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
When naming binary ionic compounds, which typically consist of a metal and a nonmetal, the metal cation is named first using the element's name. Following the metal, the nonmetal anion is named by altering its root name with an -ide suffix. For instance, in the compound K₂O, it is named potassium oxide. Transition metals that can form multiple positive charges (ions with different oxidation states) require the charge to be indicated using Roman numerals. Thus, FeCl₂ is iron(II) chloride and FeCl₃ is iron(III) chloride. When dealing with polyatomic ions, it is vital to memorize common polyatomic ion names, as they follow different naming rules.
Molecular compounds also require a different naming strategy. Starting with the least electronegative element, prefixes such as mono-, di-, tri- are used to indicate the number of each atom within a molecule, except for the 'mono-' prefix which is omitted for the first element. For example, SF₆ is called sulfur hexafluoride, and N₂O₄ is known as dinitrogen tetroxide. Special nomenclature rules exist for acids as well, with binary acids using the prefix 'hydro-' and changing the -ide suffix to -ic, added to the word 'acid.'