Final answer:
Alkalosis is characterized by a high blood pH and does not result in the overexcitement of the nervous system but rather its depression. The condition affects enzyme activity and can lead to a range of health issues. Correction mechanisms involve either conserving bicarbonate ions or compensatory pCO2 level adjustments.
Step-by-step explanation:
Alkalosis is characterized by a higher-than-normal pH, indicating that the blood and other body fluids are too alkaline. This condition can arise from various causes including prolonged and severe vomiting, use of diuretics, or overconsumption of antacids. Unlike what might be assumed, alkalosis does not result in the overexcitement of the nervous system; instead, it leads to a depression of the central nervous system.
It's important to note that normal blood pH ranges from 7.35 to 7.45. A pH above this range signifies alkalosis, while a pH below this range indicates acidosis. Both conditions affect enzyme activity because enzymes are highly sensitive to pH changes. Severe pH alterations can result in denaturation of enzymes, affecting a wide range of biochemical reactions, including those that impact heart rate (HR).
To correct metabolic alkalosis, the body may attempt to conserve bicarbonate ions or compensate by increasing pCO2 levels. However, such compensation mechanisms do not always adequately restore the pH balance, which can have far-reaching impacts on health.