Final answer:
The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is studded with ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis and transport. On the other hand, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis, calcium ion storage, and drug detoxification.
Step-by-step explanation:
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is studded with ribosomes, which gives it a "rough" appearance. These ribosomes make proteins that are then transported from the ER in small sacs called transport vesicles. The rough endoplasmic reticulum works with the Golgi apparatus to move new proteins to their proper destinations in the cell. The membrane of the RER is continuous with the outer layer of the nuclear envelope.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) does not have any ribosomes attached to it, and so it has a smooth appearance. SER has many different functions, some of which include lipid synthesis, calcium ion storage, and drug detoxification. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is found in both animal and plant cells and it serves different functions in each. The SER is made up of tubules and vesicles that branch out to form a network.