Final answer:
Laboratory tests to determine nutritional status include the oral administration of radioactive compounds followed by blood analyses, chemical assays for metabolites in plasma, automated blood cell counting, and specific tests for nutrients in food that cause color changes or other visible changes in test materials.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine nutritional status, various laboratory tests are employed. These tests help assess the absorption and metabolic functions of nutrients within the body. One important laboratory test involves the oral administration of radioactive fatty acids, iron (59Fe), and vitamin B12 (C057, 58 & 60), followed by regular interval blood sample analyses. This helps to assess the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Others include chemical assays to measure metabolite levels in plasma and automated methods to count and distinguish blood cells.
Furthermore, in order to test foods for the presence of certain nutrients like carbohydrates (sugar and starch), proteins, and fats, specific color-change reactions are employed. For instance, when testing for fats, a visible change in the appearance of brown wrapping paper is observed. Understanding concepts like undernutrition, malnutrition, nutrient and energy density, energy homeostasis, and healthy eating significantly aids in the interpretation of these tests. Knowledge about the typical healthy diet of humans and nutrient density can be crucial in avoiding nutritional deficiencies and making healthier food choices.