Final answer:
Social traps in social studies involve social loafing, tragedy of the commons, free rider problem, and the prisoner's dilemma.
Step-by-step explanation:
- Social Loafing: Social loafing refers to the reduction in individual output on tasks where contributions are pooled. For example, in a group project where everyone gets the same grade, some students may do less work because they know others will pick up the slack.
- Tragedy of the Commons: The tragedy of the commons occurs when individuals pursue their own self-interest at the expense of the collective good. One example is overfishing in a shared fishing area, where each fisherman catches as many fish as possible, depleting the resource for everyone.
- Free Rider Problem: The free rider problem refers to the situation where individuals benefit from a public good without contributing their fair share. For instance, someone who enjoys the benefits of a clean park without volunteering or paying for its maintenance.
- Prisoner's Dilemma: The prisoner's dilemma is a situation in which two individuals, acting in their own self-interest, do not cooperate even though it would be mutually beneficial. An example is two criminal suspects who can either confess, implicating each other, or stay silent.