Final answer:
The scenario given is an example of inductive reasoning, where specific observations of pennies lead to the general conclusion that all coins in the bag are pennies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The reasoning stated in the example is that because one coin from the bag is a penny, and another observed coin is a penny, then all the coins in the bag must be pennies.
This is an example of inductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning is a type of logical thinking that uses specific observations to arrive at a general conclusion.
Unlike deductive reasoning, which proceeds from a general premise to a specific result, inductive reasoning analyzes specific instances or observations and formulates a general statement or hypothesis based on these particular facts.
This is in contrast to deductive reasoning, which would require a general principle that applies to all the coins in the bag to reach a specific conclusion about any individual coin.