Final Answer:
Pregnant individuals who are Group B Streptococcus (GBS) positive are typically treated with intravenous antibiotics during labor to prevent transmission of the bacteria to the newborn. The most common antibiotic used is penicillin; however, alternatives may be considered for those with penicillin allergies, following medical consultation.
Step-by-step explanation:
1. **Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Positive:** GBS is a type of bacteria that can be present in the genital or gastrointestinal tract of some individuals. Pregnant women are routinely screened for GBS during pregnancy.
2. **Intravenous Antibiotics During Labor:** To prevent the transmission of GBS to the newborn during childbirth, pregnant individuals who test positive for GBS are administered intravenous antibiotics during labor. The goal is to reduce the risk of early-onset GBS infection in the newborn.
3. **Penicillin as the First-Line Treatment:** Penicillin is the preferred antibiotic for GBS prophylaxis, given its effectiveness against the bacteria. It is usually administered intravenously, and the timing is crucial to ensure optimal protection for the newborn.
4. **Alternatives in Penicillin Allergy:** In cases where the pregnant individual has a documented penicillin allergy, alternative antibiotics, such as clindamycin or erythromycin, may be considered based on susceptibility testing and medical guidance.
It is essential for pregnant individuals who are GBS positive to discuss their status with their healthcare provider, follow recommended screening protocols, and adhere to the prescribed antibiotic regimen during labor to minimize the risk of GBS transmission to the newborn.