Question

How to differentiate cocaine from amphetamine toxicity?

Answer 1

Cocaine and amphetamine toxicity can be differentiated based on their chemical structure, mechanism of action, and effects on the body.

Step-by-step explanation:

Cocaine and amphetamine toxicity can be differentiated based on their chemical structure, mechanism of action, and effects on the body.

1. Chemical structure: Cocaine is a tropane alkaloid, while amphetamines belong to a class of compounds derived from phenethylamine. The chemical structures of cocaine and amphetamines are different, as shown in Figure 18.7.16.
2. Mechanism of action: Both cocaine and amphetamines increase the levels of dopamine in the brain by blocking its reuptake and stimulating its release. However, amphetamines also have additional effects on other neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine and serotonin.
3. Effects on the body: Cocaine and amphetamines have similar stimulant effects on the body, but they can have different durations of action. The effects of cocaine are more immediate and short-lasting, typically lasting between five and ninety minutes. On the other hand, amphetamines can have a longer duration of action.

By considering these factors, medical professionals can differentiate between cocaine and amphetamine toxicity.