Final answer:
Hormone Therapy (HT) is used to treat hot flashes in patients who smoke, typically in the lowest dose for the shortest duration necessary, under medical supervision with regular exams. Studies have shown mixed results on the risks and benefits of HT, with current guidelines supporting its use for reducing hot flashes during early menopause.
Step-by-step explanation:
The treatment for hot flashes in patients who smoke involves using Hormone Therapy (HT). This method utilizes medication to increase estrogen and progestin levels, which can alleviate menopausal symptoms like hot flashes. Although effective, HT is generally recommended to be used in the lowest possible dose for the shortest possible time, usually less than 5 years. It is important for women on HT to undergo regular pelvic and breast exams. Past studies have shown mixed results; a 2002 study by the Women's Health Initiative found an increased risk of breast cancer and no cardiovascular benefits, while a 2012 study demonstrated cardiovascular benefits and no additional cancer risk. The controversy surrounding HT continues, with guidelines currently supporting its use primarily for the reduction of hot flashes when menopausal changes begin.