Final answer:
Complications for infants born to mothers with diabetes include increased risk of hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, jaundice, and potential development of diabetes later in life, as well as cardiac and central nervous system anomalies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Infants born to mothers with diabetes (DM) can face a variety of complications, primarily due to the expected high blood sugar levels that poorly controlled diabetes leads to. These high levels can cause damage to small blood vessels, which, when affecting an infant, can lead to specific complications. Babies born to diabetic mothers are at a higher risk of being born large for their gestational age, having hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) after birth, developing respiratory distress syndrome, and even experiencing birth injuries due to their larger size.
Additionally, there can be a greater risk of jaundice, as well as the possibility of developing diabetes later in their own lives. Notably, infants may suffer from cardiac and central nervous system anomalies, and the risk of miscarriage or stillbirth is also elevated with poorly controlled maternal diabetes. Regular medical care, effective management of the mother's blood sugar levels, and a healthy lifestyle can mitigate these risks.