Final answer:
Australia uses two primary types of legislation: public laws that apply broadly to societal relationships with government and specific laws for niche concerns. Its bicameral parliamentary system comprises two chambers aiming to reflect diverse viewpoints. The legislative process has evolved to a modern approach, considering various challenges and adopting different election systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
Types of Legislation in Australia
In Australia, there are two primary types of legislation used to govern the country: public laws and other legislative rules that may pertain to specific groups or issues. Public laws are designed to address the relationship between the government and individuals, and apply to society as a whole. An example of public law is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which impacted the healthcare system in the United States.
Australia formerly adopted policies like the White Australia policy, which were legislative actions affecting immigration and cultural composition of the nation. Legislative changes, such as the dismantling of the White Australia policy, reflect significant shifts in national policy that often include battles over values, identities, and rights.
The legislative process itself has evolved from a classic model of legislating, which was a more straightforward process, to a modern process that may involve extensive research, discussion, and revision. Modern legislatures are faced with various challenges that can limit their influence, including executive dominance, legislative deference, and political polarization, all of which must be navigated to pass effective legislation.
Legislative Systems Around the World
Globally, legislative systems can be categorized by whether they use a unicameral (single chamber) or bicameral (two chambers) approach. In Australia, the parliamentary system is bicameral, consisting of two chambers which aim to incorporate a diversity of viewpoints and is considered less efficient than unicameral systems, but more comprehensive. Legislative elections often rely on systems such as proportional representation, plurality, or mixed electoral systems to select members.