Final answer:
To analyze a job, methods such as observation, surveys, and interviews can be used. The analysis can focus on tasks performed in the job or the characteristics required to perform the job successfully. Job analysis can be accurate and reliable, although it can vary depending on the source.
Step-by-step explanation:
To analyze a job, there are several methods that can be used, including observation, surveys, and interviews. Observation involves observing someone who is proficient in the position and analyzing the skills they exhibit. Surveys and interviews can be conducted with people currently in the job, their peers, and their supervisors to gather consensus on the job requirements.
Job analysis typically involves two approaches: task-oriented and worker-oriented. The task-oriented approach focuses on listing detailed tasks performed in the job, while the worker-oriented approach describes the characteristics required of a worker to perform the job successfully.
Job analysis can be accurate and reliable depending on the nature of the descriptions and the source of the analysis. Research suggests that job analyses developed from descriptions provided by people holding the job themselves tend to be less reliable.