Final answer:
The fraction of the total space taken up by overhead in the binary tree implementation is 1/5.
Step-by-step explanation:
The fraction of the total space taken up by overhead can be calculated by considering the total space required for the binary tree structure. Each internal node requires two pointers, which take up 2 * 4 = 8 bytes. Each leaf node requires a data field, which takes up 32 bytes. Since the internal nodes do not store any data, the overhead is 8 / (8 + 32) = 8/40 = 1/5. Therefore, the fraction of the total space taken up by overhead is 1/5.