Final answer:
Newborns in the U.S. currently undergo state-mandated genetic tests for several genetic conditions. Whole-genome sequencing is proposed to be mandatory to detect genetic disorders. Testing is typically done by healthcare professionals without parental consent.
Step-by-step explanation:
All newborns in the U.S. currently undergo state-mandated genetic tests to screen for several genetic conditions. The number of conditions tested varies by state. However, it is proposed that whole-genome sequencing should be mandatory for all newborns. This test can comprehensively analyze a person's entire genetic makeup, allowing for early detection of genetic disorders.
Genetic tests on newborns are typically conducted by healthcare professionals, such as doctors or genetic counselors, who have specialized training in genetics. The test is usually done shortly after birth, such as within 24-48 hours.
Parental consent is generally not required for newborn genetic testing. However, some states allow parents to refuse testing for personal or religious reasons, although this is not recommended as early detection can help ensure prompt treatment and a better quality of life for the child.