Final answer:
Newborns in the U.S. are screened for a range of genetic conditions upon birth, with the number varying by state. Prospective parents with risk factors such as advanced age or family history of genetic disorders should consult a genetic counselor to assess risks and consider prenatal testing.
Step-by-step explanation:
Screening Newborns for Genetic Disorders
Screening newborns for genetic disorders is an essential step in early detection and management of potential health conditions. In the United States, all babies are screened by state-mandated tests for several genetic conditions. The number of conditions tested ranges from 29 to 59, depending on the state. Furthermore, individuals with a family history of genetic disorders, or couples who are of advanced age (women over 35, men over 55), might benefit from speaking with a genetic counselor to assess the likelihood of their child being born with a genetic disorder.
Deciding on prenatal testing methods like amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling, as well as considering the outcomes, are personal decisions that can involve ethical, moral, and psychological factors. These decisions are best made in coordination with a genetic counselor who can provide education on testing implications and support throughout the process. Termination of a pregnancy due to a serious genetic disorder diagnosis is a complex and deeply personal decision that must consider medical, ethical, and legal factors, as well as the prospective parents' beliefs and values.