Final answer:
Aldehyde functional groups have a C=O bond with one side bonded to a hydrogen. The naming includes the -al suffix, and compounds with this group, like glucose, are carbohydrates. Specific identification requires structural details.
Step-by-step explanation:
Molecules that contain an aldehyde type of carbonyl functional group can be identified by the presence of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O), with one of the carbon bonds connected to a hydrogen atom. This is referred to as an R-C-H group, where R represents any hydrocarbon and H is hydrogen. To determine which molecules have an aldehyde functional group, look for a structure that fits this description. Remember, in formaldehyde, the carbonyl carbon is bonded to two hydrogens, which is a specific case of an aldehyde.
When naming aldehydes, the carbon chain must include the carbon in the carbonyl group, which is numbered as position 1. The suffix -al is appended to the parent hydrocarbon name. As a result, compounds like glucose, which have an aldehyde group and are also considered as polyols due to multiple alcohol groups, are classified as carbohydrates. However, without actual structures provided, it is difficult to determine which of the options (1, 4, 8, 10) contain an aldehyde group without further context.