Final answer:
The correct answer is option b. Proteins, with their variety of 20 amino acids, demonstrate the greatest functional variety among biological polymers, surpassing polysaccharides, DNA, and RNA in functionalities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among proteins, polysaccharides, DNA, and RNA, proteins possess the greatest functional variety. This is due to proteins being composed of 20 different amino acids that can be arranged in numerous sequences to form a vast array of structures and functions. While polysaccharides do contain a significant number of monomeric carbohydrate subunits, and DNA and RNA are crucial for genetic information storage and transfer, proteins have a wider range of functions including acting as enzymes, structural components, signaling molecules, and transporters among other roles.
The sequence and length of the amino acid chains in proteins determine their complex three-dimensional structures and, therefore, their functions. Proteins are made up of amino acids that form by peptide bonds in a condensation reaction. This process can produce a monumental variety of protein structures, each with a unique function in living organisms.