Question

What are the normal findings when inspecting the external ocular structures (e.g. general, eyebrows, eyelids, eyelashes, eyeballs, conjunctiva, sclera, lacrimal apparatus, cornea, lens, iris, and pupil). What are the normal variations of persons with dark/black skin that might be assessed during inspection of the external eye structures?

Answer 1

Normal findings in an eye examination include symmetrical eyes and eyelids, clear conjunctiva and cornea, transparent lens, uniform iris color, and reactive pupils without excessive tearing. In darker-skinned individuals, normal scleral pigmentation can include a bluish or slight yellowish tint.

Step-by-step explanation:

When inspecting the external ocular structures, normal findings include symmetrical placement of the eyeballs, eyebrows that are aligned and have no scaling, eyelids that close symmetrically with no drooping, eyelashes that are evenly distributed and curve outward, and a conjunctiva that is clear with vessels that are normally visible.

The sclera should appear white, however, individuals with darker skin tones may have a sclera that has a bluish or slight yellowish tint, which can be a normal variation. The cornea should be clear and smooth, while the lens should be transparent without opacities. The iris should have a uniform color, and the pupil should be round and react to light and accommodation. As for the lacrimal apparatus, there should be no swelling or tearing present that would indicate blockage or infection.