Final answer:
An example of Reduced Oxygen Packaging (ROP) in a biological context is the enzymatic oxidation of a C-C bond to a C=C bond in the conversion of fumarate to malate, which includes the reduction of FAD to FADH₂.
Step-by-step explanation:
An example of Reduced Oxygen Packaging (ROP) refers to the biological process wherein there is a reduction in oxygen to alter the oxidation state of specific molecules. In biochemical pathways, this concept is illustrated when there is a conversion of a carbon-carbon (C-C) single bond to a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C), such as in the transformation of fumarate to malate.
During this process, the oxidative enzyme facilitates the removal of two hydrogen atoms (as a hydride and a proton) from the substrate, fumarate, which leads to the formation of a double bond, and these hydrogens are used to reduce flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) to FADH₂. This reaction highlights how redox reactions within living organisms contribute to metabolic pathways and energy production.