Final answer:
The exchange particle involved in a neutrino neutron collision is the pion, which was proposed by Yukawa to transmit the strong nuclear force between nucleons.
Step-by-step explanation:
The particle involved in a neutrino-neutron collision is the pion. Specifically, based on the context provided and the standard model of particle physics, during a neutrino-neutron interaction, the particles exchange W bosons (W+, W−) or possibly Z bosons (Z0). These interactions occur via the weak nuclear force, which neutrinos interact through despite being electrically neutral and nearly massless. The weak nuclear force has a very short range, and the exchanges are responsible for processes such as beta decay.
The weak nuclear force, which governs interactions between neutrinos and other particles like neutrons, controls how these particles collide. These weak force carriers are the only ones that account for the energy, angular momentum, and linear momentum carried by neutrinos in such interactions. Despite their elusiveness and propensity to interact with matter infrequently, neutrinos can transfer energy and momentum through this mechanism of particle exchange.