Final answer:
To keep the ductus arteriosus open in cases of patent ductus arteriosus, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used to block the synthesis of prostaglandin E2, which helps maintain the vessel's open state. Other treatments can include surgical or catheter-based procedures to close it if necessary.
Step-by-step explanation:
To keep the ductus arteriosus open in a condition known as patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), medical intervention is needed. This condition results in blood flowing from the higher pressure aorta into the lower pressure pulmonary artery, which can cause symptoms like shortness of breath and poor weight gain in infants, among others.
Treatments to maintain the openness of the ductus arteriosus include the administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to block the synthesis of prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandin E2 naturally maintains the vessel in an open state, and by blocking its synthesis, it is possible to artificially maintain the ductus arteriosus in an open position if it's beneficial for the patient. In cases where a PDA is detrimental, the closure of the ductus arteriosus can be achieved through surgery (ligation) or through a catheter-based procedure using platinum coils or a specialized mesh.