Final answer:
The two most common causes of secondary amenorrhea in patients with normal estrogen levels are polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypothalamic amenorrhea. PCOS involves the formation of multiple ovarian cysts, while hypothalamic amenorrhea is associated with a malfunctioning hypothalamus due to stress or lifestyle factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to the two most common causes of secondary amenorrhea in patients who have normal levels of estrogen. Secondary amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstrual periods in women who have previously had regular cycles or who have not had a period for three to six months. It is essential to understand that this condition can arise from various etiologies. However, when estrogen levels are normal, the two primary causes are often polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypothalamic amenorrhea.
PCOS is a hormonal disorder where multiple cysts form on the ovaries, resulting in irregular or absent menstrual periods despite the presence of normal estrogen levels. Hypothalamic amenorrhea occurs when the hypothalamus, a part of the brain responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle, is not functioning correctly. This can be due to stress, significant weight loss, or excessive exercise. Both of these conditions can maintain normal estrogen levels while causing disruptions in the regular menstrual cycle.
Understanding these common causes can help healthcare professionals provide appropriate care and treatment options for individuals experiencing secondary amenorrhea.