Final answer:
Key cell findings for folate deficiency include macrocytic red blood cells, a high mean corpuscle volume, and signs like glossitis and leucopenia. Folate is also crucial in pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cell findings that are pathognomonic for folate deficiency include the presence of megaloblastic anemia. This condition is characterized by macrocytic red blood cells (RBCs), which are larger than normal (high mean corpuscle volume, MCV) and show defective DNA synthesis. Commonly, this leads to signs such as glossitis (inflammation of the tongue), gastrointestinal disturbances, and leucopenia (reduced white blood cell count).
In addition to these findings, during pregnancy, folate deficiency can be extremely detrimental, leading to neural tube defects like spina bifida and anencephaly. The former is where spinal tissue protrudes through an unsealed vertebral column, and the latter is a severe case where there is a partial or complete absence of brain tissue. Therefore, recognizing and treating folate deficiency is critical for both general health and prenatal care.