Final answer:
The Roman Period from 330 BCE to 476 BCE marked the Roman Empire, which expanded its territory, developed remarkable art and architecture, and faced challenges leading to its decline and division. The empire had a significant impact on Western civilization and witnessed the rise of Christianity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Roman Period from 330 BCE to 476 BCE is known as the Roman Empire. During this time, the Roman Empire expanded its territory across three continents, including the Mediterranean Sea and parts of Europe, bringing various cultures under its rule. The Romans were known for their formidable army, impressive art and architecture, and engineering achievements such as the construction of roads, aqueducts, coliseums, and public baths.
However, the Roman Empire also faced challenges, including economic problems, civil wars, and a decline in its strength during the third century CE. The empire eventually fell apart and was divided into the Western Roman Empire, which ruled from Italy, and the Eastern Roman Empire with its capital in Constantinople, present-day Istanbul.
The Roman Empire's impact on Western civilization was significant. It brought about the Pax Romana, a period of peace and stability, but it also represented oppression and imperialism to certain groups of people. Christianity emerged and spread throughout the empire during this time, eventually becoming one of the major world religions.