Final answer:
Amylase breaks down complex carbohydrates, such as starch, into simpler sugars such as maltose and glucose, providing an essential energy source for the body. The enzyme initiates its function in the mouth and continues in the duodenum. The correct option is A.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the human body, amylase has the function of breaking down starch to become a simpler form of sugar. Amylase is an enzyme that specifically targets starch, a common carbohydrate consumed by humans. Digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth, where salivary amylase starts the process of breaking starch into dextrins, maltose, and glucose.
The action of amylase continues into the duodenum with the help of pancreatic juices. This key enzyme simplifies complex carbohydrates into smaller sugar molecules like maltose and ultimately into glucose, which is a vital energy source for the body.
The correct answer to the student's question is that amylase serves to break down starch into simpler sugars, specifically glucose and maltose. Unlike the other options provided, amylase does not break down fats or proteins. Therefore, option A is correct: Amylase breaks down starch to become a simpler form of sugar.