Final answer:
Fermentation is an anaerobic process that converts sugar into ethanol and carbon dioxide through the action of yeast, yielding minimal energy in the form of 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. The correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct statement about fermentation is that it is an anaerobic procedure whereby a solution of sugar is acted on by yeast and releases carbon dioxide as well as alcohol.
Fermentation is a biochemical process that allows yeast and other microorganisms to convert sugars, such as glucose (C6H12O6), into ethanol (C2H5OH) and carbon dioxide (CO2) without the presence of oxygen. The balanced chemical reaction for the fermentation of glucose is:
C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2
This reaction demonstrates that glucose (C6H12O6) is broken down by the yeast during a process called glycolysis, and the end products are ethanol (C2H5OH) and carbon dioxide (CO2), which are emitted in the process.
This fermentation process is used to produce alcoholic beverages such as wine and beer, as well as to cause bread to rise.
Unlike aerobic respiration, which can produce 36-38 ATP molecules from one molecule of glucose, the anaerobic process of fermentation results in only a small amount of energy, with just 2 ATP molecules being produced per molecule of glucose during glycolysis. Option B. is the correct one.