Final answer:
Kwashiorkor exemplifies an illness associated with malnutrition due to a lack of protein, characterized by a swollen abdomen and muscle wasting among other symptoms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options provided, the illness that exemplifies malnutrition due to a lack of protein is Kwashiorkor. Children suffering from Kwashiorkor do not receive enough protein, which is critical for growth, cell repair, and immune function. The most notable symptom of Kwashiorkor is a swollen abdomen, although it can also include muscle wasting, skin problems, and developmental issues. This condition is prevalent in developing countries where children typically have a diet that, while possibly adequate in calories, is deficient in protein. The other conditions listed, such as scurvy, anemia, and rickets, are related to deficiencies in specific vitamins and minerals, not necessarily protein.