Final answer:
Crime is more likely to occur in communities with weak social ties and a lack of social control, as described by social disorganization theory. Strong social bonds can reduce crime, as proposed by control theory.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory of how crime happens according to social bond theory relates to the idea that individuals with weak social ties and a lack of social control in their communities are more prone to engage in criminal activities. Social disorganization theory, developed by researchers at the University of Chicago, suggests that crime is most likely in communities with these characteristics. Variables such as a high rate of unemployment, residential instability, and the presence of specific businesses like payday lenders have been statistically linked to increased crime rates. Conversely, Travis Hirschi's control theory posits that strong social bonds, such as attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief in common social values, can decrease the likelihood of deviant behavior and crime.
Attachment: The emotional connection and sensitivity to others, particularly to family, friends, and institutions. Individuals with strong attachments are less likely to commit crimes because they fear damaging these relationships.
Commitment: The extent to which an individual is invested in conventional, non-criminal activities such as education, career, or personal goals. A high level of commitment reduces the likelihood of engaging in criminal behavior because it would jeopardize these commitments.
Involvement: Participation in conventional activities and social institutions. Individuals who are actively involved in legal and socially acceptable activities are less likely to have the time or inclination to engage in criminal behavior.
Belief: Adherence to societal values, norms, and the moral order. People with strong beliefs in the legitimacy of societal rules are less likely to commit crimes because they see them as morally wrong.
In the context of crime happening, Social Bond Theory suggests that when these social bonds are weak or lacking, individuals may be more prone to criminal behavior. For example:
Low Attachment: Individuals who lack emotional connections may not fear the social consequences of their actions, making them more likely to engage in criminal behavior.
Low Commitment: If a person has little invested in conventional activities, they may not have much to lose by engaging in criminal behavior.
Low Involvement: Those who are not actively participating in legal activities may have more time and opportunity to engage in criminal activities.
Low Belief: Individuals who do not strongly believe in societal rules may not see criminal behavior as morally wrong, reducing the deterrent effect.