Final answer:
The neural crest, which gives rise to the whole gut, originates from cells at the border of the neural plate. These cells differentiate and migrate during embryonic development to form various PNS structures, including the enteric nervous tissue responsible for gastrointestinal functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The region of the neural crest that gives rise to the whole gut comes from a specialized area of migratory cells that differentiate from the neuroectoderm during embryonic development. As the embryo develops, molecular signals transform the ectoderm into a neural plate, which subsequently folds to form the neural groove flanked by neural folds. The neural folds converge to create the neural tube, which will eventually differentiate into the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain and spinal cord.
The neural crest cells separate from the ectoderm and migrate throughout the embryo to give rise to various peripheral nervous system (PNS) structures, including the enteric nervous system, which is responsible for governing the gastrointestinal functions of the gut.
These cells play a critical role in the development of many tissues, both in the nervous system and in other systems such as craniofacial cartilage, bone, and melanocytes.