Final answer:
The theory of gradualism in evolutionary biology argues that changes in species occur slowly and continuously over time. This idea, supported by Darwin, contrasts with punctuated equilibrium which suggests rapid change following long periods of stability. Gradualism focuses on the accumulation of small mutations over time, shaping species evolutionary paths.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory that proposes evolutionary change as slow, gradual, and continuous is known as gradualism. This view was supported by Charles Darwin, who believed that given enough time, slow and subtle changes could lead to substantial biological transformations in species. Gradualism contrasts with the theory of punctuated equilibrium, which suggests that species experience long periods of stability interrupted by sudden bursts of rapid change.
While the fossil record seems to support punctuated equilibrium, gradualism remains an influential concept in evolutionary biology. It posits that the accumulation of many random mutations, which are then selected for, leads to the gradual transformation of species. This idea aligns with the classical theory of evolution, where the core conserved characteristics have remained unchanged, highlighting the evidence for evolutionary processes.
Despite alternative hypotheses suggesting sudden changes, the gradualist approach is central to our understanding of evolution, emphasizing a steady yet potent force of change through natural selection.